For the opamp, input and output are both electrical voltage signals. Passivitybased stability in explicit force control of robots. Breedveld introduction history the forcecurrent analogy. The output of each integrator or delayed integrator can be a state variable. Two systems are said to be analogous to each other if the following two conditions are satisfied. In order to understand this type of analogy, let us consider a circuit which consists of series combination of resistor, inductor and capacitor. Inductance, capacitance, resistance, dc and ac motor, transducers and operational amplifiers. But why does the voltage need to be constant at all. The conveyor belt moves energy coal at an invariant speed from the coal mine to the power plant. Electrical analogy of the system the electrical network of the force control system is derived based on the mechanicalelectrical analogy forcevoltage. Analogous systems force voltage and force current analogy. The system involves one integrator and two delayed integrators.
Mathematical modelling of control system mechanical electrical. Resistors become friction elements, capacitors become springs and inductors become masses. This chapter analyzes the actuator as a device included in motion control systems. Ans the control system in which the output has an effect upon the input quantity so as. Dampers are analogous to resistorsthe damper resists motion just as. To apply this analogy, every loop in the electrical circuit becomes a point in the mechanical system. Jan 19, 2018 160 videos play all control system tutorials point india ltd. Electrical analogies of mechanical systems tutorialspoint. The two types of analogies for the mechanical system are force voltage and force current analogy. Explain the steps you use to find your electrical system.
Page 2 4 electrical principlescorrespondence version how a circuit works to illustrate how a circuit works, we will use a conveyor belt analogy. Similarly, there is a torque current analogy for rotational mechanical systems. This intuitive analogy is worked out in detail on the right side of the table. In liquid level and electrical system analogy, voltage is considered analogous to a head b liquid flow c liquid flow rate d none of the above. Engs 22 systems system analogies page 2 m b vint frictionless fig. Effort and flow variables a thermodynamic basis for. At first, such analogies were used in reverse to help explain electrical phenomena in familiar mechanical terms. Mathematical modelling of linear complex mechanical. Consider the following electrical system as shown in the following figure. A current source becomes an input velocity, and a voltage source becomes a force generator. Design the electrical analogous network for the mechanical system shown in the fig. Find the analogous electrical system using the forcevoltage analogy. There are two types of electrical analogies of translational mechanical systems.
At the same time there is a torque voltage analogy for rotational mechanical systems. In the force to voltage analogy method the parameters of the mechanical and corresponding electrical systems can be represented as shown in the table 2. This section provides an introduction to control system design methods. The voltage control in transmission and distribution systems is usually obtained by using tap changing transformers. This paper explains the transfer function modeling of complex systems by forcetorquevoltage analogy. These video classes have been designed for electronics engineering students, especially those who are preparing for gate, ies and other psu exams. Electrical systems and mechanical systems are two physically different systems. A simple type of analogy is one that is based on shared properties stanford encyclopedia of philosophy. Some industrial data communications standards such as eiatia485 rs485 use this technique to minimize the corrupting effects of. Mathematical modelling of control system mechanical. Analogizing is the process of representing information about a particular subject the analogue or source system by another particular subject the target system. In the international system of units, the derived unit for. The input vint is a step functionzero until the engine couples, and then at a constant velocity v0 thereafter.
Capacitor water pipe analogy i in the water pipe analogy, a capacitor is thought of as a water pipe. In liquid level and electrical system analogy, voltage is considered analogous. Ans the control system in which the output quantity has no effect upon the input quantity are called open loop control system. Analogical models, also called analog or analogue models, therefore seek the analog systems that share. Electrical analogies of mechanical systems in control.
Most recently control systems multiple choice questions. Indicate the values of all components in the electrical system resistors, capacitors, inductors, etc. In force current analogy, the mathematical equations of the translational mechanical system are compared with the nodal equations of the electrical system. Ic6501 cs 2marks 16marks, control systems question bank. Top 100 objective type questionsanswers on control systems. Oct 28, 2017 problem 2 on analogous systems force voltage and force current analogy video lecture of chapter mathematical modelling of physical systems in control systems for extc, instrumentation. The garden variety he he has significant pressure voltage and moderate volume amperage capacity and works well in the yard. James clerk maxwell introduced analogies of this sort in the 19th century. Draw the equivalent electrical analogous circuit for the mechanical system in fig using forcevoltage analogy. Before learning the methods of voltage control in power system, we must first understand why do we need to control voltage.
Modeling and simulation of the analogous mechanical and. Voltage, electric potential difference, electric pressure or electric tension is the difference in electric potential between two points. Ans the two types of analogies for the mechanical system are force voltage and force current analogy. Ic6501 cs 2marks 16marks, control systems question bank, cs. This circuit consists of current source, resistor, inductor and capacitor. While studying control theory, i came across the following two phrases. The velocity of the car doesnt change instantaneously, so it starts at zero, and follows a saturating exponential up to v0, with a time constant mb. Control engineering force voltage analogy slideshare.
A simple analogy would be to compare a garden hose to a fire hose. However, as electrical network analysis matured it was found that certain mechanical problems could more. Electrical analogies of mechanical systems in control systems. Hence, this voltage is sometimes called an electromotive force emf because it is a measure of the force. In electricalpneumatic system analogy the current is considered analogous to a velocity b pressure c air flow d air flow rate ans. In force voltage analogy, the mathematical equations of translational mechanical system are compared with mesh equations of the electrical system. Secondary voltage of a transformer is directly proportional to the number of secondary. The mathematical equations of translational mechanical system are compared with mesh equations of the electrical system. Mechanicalelectrical analogies are the representation of mechanical systems as electrical networks. Spring force fs kx damping force fd kd dxdt inertia force fi md2xdt2 the three forces oppose motion so if the total force on the system is zero then f. T the time domain differential equations governing a control system can be transferred to a set of algebraic equations in sdomain.
A voltage v is connected in series with these elements as shown in the circuit diagram. The viscous friction coefficient, in forcevoltage analogy, is analogous to a charge b resistance c reciprocal. Variations of these analogies are used for rotating mechanical systems, such as in electric motors. Control systems electrical engineering questions and.
In electricalpneumatic system analogy the current is considered analogous to. The two types of analogies for mechanical system are forcevoltage analogy and forcecurrent analogy. Intro to electricity nyu tandon school of engineering. In this analogy, the mathematical equations of the rotational mechanical system are compared with the nodal mesh equations of the electrical system by comparing equation 4 and equation 6, we will get the analogous quantities of rotational mechanical system. If you can compare the mathematical equations of rotational mechanical systems in this analogy with mesh equations of the electrical system. Mcq on control system 3 electrical study app by saru tech. But there are two types of electrical analogies are there in translational mechanical systems which are force voltage analogy and force current analogy. And voltage is kind of like forcewhat pushes the current through a resistor.
Models control of mems conclusions 15 the physical basis of analogies in physical system models neville hogan and peter c. A control system with excessive noise, is likely to suffer from. Pls do objective practice bits for ap transco exam in control systems pls medam. This paper explains the transfer function modeling of complex systems by force torque voltage analogy. Pdf ec2255 control system notes solved problems devasena. Those are force voltage analogy and force current analogy. In other words, we sidestep the problem of commonmode noise voltage by making commonmode voltage irrelevant to the sensor and to the signal receiver. So we have to control it in such a way that it remains constant.
Introduction there are two main electrical analogous system. Analogy in control engineering by engineering funda, control system. When the plunger pushes toward the diaphragm, the water in the pipe forces the diaphragm to stretch until the force of the diaphragm pushing back. In this method, the voltage in the line is adjusted by changing the secondary emf of the transformer by varying the number of secondary turns. Bilateral control with transformer and gyrator analogy. Write the analogous electrical elements in force voltage analogy for the elements of mechanical translational system. Control is used whenever quantities such as speed, altitude, temperature, or voltage must be made to behave in some desirable way over time.
Find the analogous electrical system using the force voltage analogy. The conventional mechanicalelectrical analogy is derived from the similarity of the equations vfz and lez. In power systems, voltage is supposed to be constant which is obviously not. There are two electrical analogies for mechanical systems, the force to voltage analogy and the force to current analogy 3, 5. In this video, i have explained example of force voltage analogy. In liquid level and electrical system analogy, voltage is considered analogous to a head b liquid flow c liquid flow rate d none of the above ans. Control system and engineering dhanalakshmi srinivasan. What is the best analogy to explain current and voltage to. Probably the first analogy that comes to mind between electrical and mechanical systems is that current is kind of like velocityboth are motion of some kind. It is incomplete in the following respects which lead to difficulty in its application. In the impedance analogy, instead of force, torque is made analogous to voltage. This means that the output is not feedback to the input for correction.
The viscous friction coefficient, in force voltage analogy, is analogous to a charge b resistance c reciprocal of inductance. Problem 2 on analogous systems force voltage and force current analogy video lecture of chapter mathematical modelling of physical systems in control systems for extc, instrumentation. Because, most of the devices, apparatus, electrical machines, consumer. Analogous electrical and mechanical systems swarthmore college. What is the best analogy to explain current and voltage to a. The viscous friction coefficient, in forcevoltage analogy, is analogous to a charge b resistance c reciprocal of inductance. The difference in electric potential between two points i. Mathematical modelling of linear complex mechanical systems. It will also be helpful for students in preparing them for their engineering syllabus. Across and through variables maxwells forcevoltage analogy. A fire hose, hooked directly to a hydrant has lots. The temperature, under thermal and electrical system analogy, is considered analogous to a voltage b current c capacitance d charge e none of the above ans. In the impedance analogy, for instance, this results in force and velocity being analogous to voltage and current respectively.
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